Nursing Essay - 41677 Words

The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and†¦show more content†¦Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as aShow MoreRelatedNursing Philosophy : Nursing And Nursing Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages Nursing Philosophy Nursing philosophy is defined as a nurse or students thought of what they believe to be true about the nature of the profession of nursing and to provide a base for nursing practice. (2016, para.1) The nursing field continues to develop into a professional scope of practice and nurses continue to work to develop a high standard for the profession. The values and skills that nurses’ learn as they care for patients continue to develop into rules and regulations for future nursesRead MoreThe Nursing Practice Of Nursing851 Words   |  4 Pages Nursing is a highly promising profession, yet healthcare institutions are having difficulty filling nursing positions. The nursing profession has evolved since its inception in the 1800’s. Today, various healthcare facilities employ the professionals to assist with patient care. The nursing practice is now a well-paying profession. Despite this, America’s healthcare needs are creating a nursing shortage. Additionally, nurses who seek more challenges in the workplace are taking on roles as advancedRead MoreNursing Philosophy Of Nursing727 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction As a nursing student in the BSN program at West Coast University, I have discovered my skills and knowledge to prepare myself on how to be an efficient nurse as well as a nurse that truly cares for the best quality of care given to a patient. I have found some good qualities and insight in the paradigms to a philosophy of caring as a nurse. In this paper I will discuss the four paradigms of nursing which includes: Health, Nursing, Client/Person, and Environment. As a nurse, one mustRead MoreNursing : Nursing And Surgical Nursing Essay2101 Words   |  9 PagesThe main goal of every nursing student is to pass the National Council (of State Boards of Nursing) Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN). The NCLEX-RN certifies a nurse to practice general medical procedures. However, if a nurse so wishes, he or she could then specialize in one area of nursing, and that is the area in which that nurse would make his or her career. To specialize in a certain area is to certify that a nurse is knowl edgeable and capable of doing a certain job. There are hundreds of differentRead MoreThe Nursing Theory Of Nursing773 Words   |  4 PagesNursing Theory The metaparadigm of nursing consists of four parts comprised by Jacqueline Fawcett, in 1984, in her seminal work (Alligood, 2014). The metaparadigm she developed served to provide direction and guidance for the nursing framework already in use and became an organization tool for theories already in use (Alligood, 2014). The four parts being person, health, environment, and nursing. The four components of the metaparadigm concept of nursing is important to nursing theory becauseRead MoreNursing : The Practice Of Nursing Essay2433 Words   |  10 Pagescenturies, nursing has undergone evolution. Through countless evolutions, many theorist contributed to what they would believe is important to nursing. Although, many theorist all have their own idea for nursing, they all share the same core idea: the desire to seek help for the patient. One of the ideas that theorist have the tendency to focus on is the practice of nursing. To this day nurses would admit that preparation to becoming a nurse is a difficult task. Mostly because the practice of nursing consistsRead MoreNursing1705 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Conceptual frameworks of nursing model have provided the professional nurse a foundation for the development of individual practice. I have chosen an individual at my current placement to base the care plan on. The patient is a 45 year male who has been in and out of the ward for severe anxiety issues and my job is to build a therapeutic relationship so she can become more comfortable with herself and this would lead to an end result of socializing with others. In this assignment IRead MoreNursing1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Definition of Nursing April Vialpando Ms. Penne McPherson in partial fulfillment of NR444 Professional Role Development Regis University January 22, 2013 Personal Definition of Nursing The definition of nursing has many different meanings depending on whom you ask. To some a nurse is simply the person who brings you your medication and takes your vital signs. To others, including myself, it is someone who keeps you safe and watches over you while you are in a healthcare settingRead MoreNursing Theories Of A Nursing Theory923 Words   |  4 PagesA nursing theory can be defined as the concepts and assumptions used to explain, predict and control the practice of nursing. These theories provide a systematic view of the profession by organizing the relationships between all of the phenomena (i.e. events, people, and actions) that are associated with practice (Current Nursing, 2012). Nursing theories serve multiple purposes within the profession such as indicating the direction in which the practice will advance over time by predicting futureRead MoreNursing Theory And Nursing Practice Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of this paper is to apply and explain nursing theory as a guide to help restructure and solve nursing practice issues by questioning, critical thinking about effectiveness of what nurses do. Application of theory by nurse leaders can influence patient satisfaction scores, patient-care delivery, and workflow. In today’s complex rapidly changing healthcare environment, healthcare system and hospitals are increasing their efforts to hire well-trained clinical professionals

My Personal Values Of My Life - 1951 Words

I have many values of which have been acquired over the time of my life. Most of which are influenced by my mom and dad as they raised me. Of the values I value the most are kindness, being considerate of others, cherishing family and friends, and giving respect where it is due. As I have stated before, the source of these values are from being taught them as I grew up. They have been put into me from my mom, her mom, and my dad. As I grew up, my parents would teach me what to or not to usually do in certain situations and why they were that way and why I should do it as they said I should. Because of these lessons they taught me, of which I still use in life till today, I find myself to be a somewhat good person. An example of this is me being generally kind to just about everyone I meet, which also includes trying my best to be considerate of others. If I am playing music, I try my best to not have it too loud so it doesn’t bother other people, and to not get in the way of p eople incase if they are in a hurry for something important. Also, I like to be kind to people and try my very best to make people happy. I would probably say that is one of my bigger ones. I like to keep people happy, even though I may not always succeed, which ties in with my other goal of trying my very best at everything that I do. Hard work usually pays off very well, even if the reward is delayed. And another value, of which I usually don’t have to try too hard at, is being optimistic, and beingShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Values: Professional Ethics Are the Foundation of Social Work1798 Words   |  7 PagesA career in Social Work requires conviction to personal values that reflect and uphold the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. 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Based on the research, I came to the conclusion knowing the foundational elementsRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Values on Decision Making1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Values on Decision Making The purpose of this paper is to examine how personal, organizational, and cultural values affect decision making in my personal and professional life. My cultural, organizational and personal values represent my beliefs and traditions of my cultural environment. Through my research, I examined values and based them on how important they are within my personal, organizational, work, and cultural lifestyle. Based on the research, I came to the conclusionRead MoreMy Personal Values Of An Organization That I m Working For Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of values. For example: cultural, ethical, doctrinal, social, societal, and aesthetic – just to name few. We are all influenced by them on a personal level and also on an institutional level. In this paper, I will compare my personal values to the vision of an organization that I’m working for. Furthermore, I will explore how my personal values are compatible with values of my employer. Then I will look at how I am i mplementing those values at my workplace by looking at how my value â€Å"respectRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1151 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: CULTURAL VALUES AND PERSONAL ETHICS PAPER Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper University of Phoenix Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper [The introduction goes here. It should be one or two paragraphs explaining the findings of your paper. The introduction should prepare the reader for the contents of the paper by previewing the three main topics in your paper. Be sure to end with a transition word or sentence to lead into Section 1 of your paper. Triple clickRead MoreDefinition Of Effective Leadership And Leadership1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthose in positions of leadership. The Bible tells us that leaders are to lead with integrity and values that govern the heart. â€Å"So he shepherded them according to the integrity of his heart, and guided them with skillful hands.† (Psalm 78:72 NKJV) Unfortunately, that is not the practice of many in leadership, often leaders operate with a public set of values that differs from that of their private life. The definition of effective leadership has changed from character driven leadership to resultsRead MorePersonal Statement On Values And Morals927 Words   |  4 Page sValues and morals are an integral part of life; values define who we are on a personal and professional level. My personal and professional values are similar but are used differently on a personal and professional level. In this code of ethics I have identified my core values as respect, honesty, loyalty, integrity, professionalism, and responsibility. Developing a code of ethics has provided me with an opportunity to reflect on my values and evaluate how I turn those values into action. PersonalRead MoreMy Personal Statement : My Goals864 Words   |  4 PagesMy personal mission is to constantly strive to be the best overall person that I can be within my personal and professional life. My goals are to inspire and help others and myself around me to achieve greatness and balance that will to maximize our potential that will transcend the boundaries of our dreams. In addition to my mission statement, my core life values are the foundation of my mission statement, which allows me to uphold my promises and standards. These promises and standards will affordRead MoreRelationship Between Capita And College Graduation Rate1551 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between average life expectancy, per capita personal income, and college graduation rate by state in 2010. I intend to prove that average life expectancy by state, the dependent variable, will either positively or negatively correlate with income and college graduation rate, the independent variables. The null hypothesis (H0) for my independent variables is that there will be absolutely no relationship between income or college graduation rate and average life expectancy. On the other handRead MoreEssay on Gb570 Unit 1865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Value Chain in My Life Unit 1 Assignment Marylin Cortes Kaplan University GB570: Managing the Value Chain Professor: Jerry Haenisch Date: February 4, 2013 The Value Chain in my Life In order for a firm to create competitive advantage, it needs to create a set of activites that can deliver value to the specific product and services it offers to its customers. To start talking about my life as a â€Å"value chain†, I may need to compare it to a specific product†. This is going to take precedence

Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 15 Free Essays

Before she could dial, the door crashed open. Jessie and I pointed our weapons toward the sound. Will stopped dead. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I have to go.† Jessie waved her .44 toward the sign that read: rest-room. â€Å"Go.† He shook his head. His earring waggled, catching the light and throwing speckles of gold across his jaw. â€Å"I found something.† In the act of putting away our guns, Jessie and I tensed. â€Å"What?† she asked. â€Å"I’m not sure.† â€Å"There’s a lot of that going around,† I muttered. â€Å"Huh?† Cadotte’s eyes were unfocused behind his glasses. He stared at me as if he couldn’t remember who I was. Then understanding dawned. â€Å"Oh, hi, Leigh. What are you doing here?† â€Å"Never mind her, Slick. What did you find?† â€Å"I did an Internet search on Weendigo, and I came up with the Legend of the Power Eater.† Jessie and I exchanged glances. â€Å"What’s that?† she asked. â€Å"I’ve never heard of it. But there’s a book – â€Å" Jessie groaned. â€Å"Not another book. Haven’t we been through this?† Confused, I looked back and forth between them. Jessie explained. â€Å"Will had a book on raising the wolf god. Sadly, a page was missing. A very important page.† â€Å"I ordered another one,† he said. â€Å"Which the werewolves conveniently intercepted.† â€Å"That’s why this time I’m going to the book.† â€Å"Pardon me?† â€Å"There’s a copy in Madison. I’m leaving now.† â€Å"Now?† Jessie sounded forlorn. I stifled a smirk. â€Å"I should be able to see it first thing in the morning. If there’s anything useful I’ll bring the book back or make a copy.† His gaze softened. â€Å"I’ll be home by tomorrow afternoon, Jess.† â€Å"Fine. Whatever. I’ve got plenty to do here.† â€Å"Uh-huh.† Cadotte wasn’t buying it. He crossed the room and scooped her into his arms. Jessie was a big girl, but he was an even bigger man. He held her as if she were a child. Her usually stern face went all dopey with love. I turned away. But I could still hear every word. â€Å"I’ll be back before you even miss me.† â€Å"Too late.† Smoochy sounds followed. I tapped my foot, stared at the ceiling, considered leaving the room. â€Å"Take this.† I spun around. Jessie was holding out her service revolver. Will stared at it with obvious distaste. â€Å"I don’t like guns.† â€Å"I don’t like dead boyfriends. I’m silly that way.† â€Å"I don’t want a gun.† â€Å"Last time, Will, they needed you for the ceremony.† â€Å"You, too.† â€Å"But I can take care of myself.† â€Å"And I can’t?† She sighed. â€Å"For me? Please?† He took the gun, holding it between two fingers, as if the thing might go off at any moment. Jessie glanced at me and together we rolled our eyes. â€Å"He’s going to shoot off his toe,† I commented. â€Å"Oh well, he’s got nine more. Just don’t shoot off something I’ll need later. Especially something you’ve got only one of.† I blushed. I might be a big, bad werewolf hunter, but bawdy sexual innuendos flustered me. â€Å"I think I embarrassed the duchess.† â€Å"Leave her be, Jess.† They were both staring at me. Jessie’s gaze was contemplative. She saw more than I wanted her to. Will’s was sympathetic. I didn’t like his any better. â€Å"I’ll leave you two alone to say good-bye.† I practically ran outside. The half-moon slid toward the horizon. Soon the sun would come up and I could sleep. Here I was a werewolf hunter living like a vampire. That might even be funny, if I did much laughing anymore. I took a minute to observe the clear navy blue sky. Living in Topeka for most of my life, I hadn’t known how brightly stars could shine away from the glare of city lights. A flash at the corner of my vision drew my gaze, and I watched a star flare, then drop. City dwellers rarely caught a glimpse of a falling star. Every time I saw one, I was amazed and humbled. There was so much out there we didn’t understand. â€Å"I wish I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My words trailed off into the chill of the autumn night. What did I wish? That I could catch the Weendigo – kill a killer at any cost? Or that I could have back the life I’d lost? Did I want death or to start anew? I had no idea anymore, and that scared me. Until I’d come to Crow Valley I’d only wanted to kill them, not caring if I died, too. But suddenly there were people I liked all around me, not friends exactly but no longer strangers, either. There was sexual attraction, something I hadn’t experienced in years. Lust had made me want to live. At least until I tasted it again. That wasn’t good. The not caring had made me damn near invincible. I took chances no one else dared to. The monsters sensed I’d die before I let them live, which gave me an edge. Suddenly the edge was lost. What if in the middle of a death battle I started remembering Damien and his kiss? Longing for it, for him? I’d sneered at Jessie because of her attachment to Will. Was I any better? I couldn’t afford to be distracted. So what was I going to do about it? I had a pretty good idea. The door opened and Jessie, then Will, stepped out. Her uniform was untucked, her shirt buttoned wrong. His pants were unzipped; his glasses had fingerprints all over them. Talk about a quickie. I wanted one. â€Å"Take care of her, OK?† Will asked. Jessie snorted. â€Å"Right.† Will ignored her, focusing instead on me. â€Å"Please?† â€Å"Of course.† Then he was gone. Jessie made an impatient sound. â€Å"Let’s get one thing straight, Duchess. I can take care of myself. I don’t need you or anyone else to help me.† â€Å"Me, either. But we can humor Edward. And the boyfriend.† She scowled at my term for Will and I almost laughed. It was so easy to yank her chain. â€Å"Come on. You can call Mandenauer this time.† I’d forgotten that we’d been about to call him when Will showed up. I went into the station and sat at Jessie’s desk. â€Å"Make yourself right at home,† she said. â€Å"Thanks.† I picked up her phone. Edward answered his direct line on the second ring. â€Å"Jawohl? Was ist es?† I frowned. It wasn’t like him to speak in German. He’d been in this country for longer than I’d been alive. I’d only heard him revert to his native tongue when he was very, very tired, sick, or hurt – which had happened maybe twice since I’d known him. â€Å"Are you all right?† I asked. â€Å"Leigh? Yes. Of course. I was sleeping.† Something he rarely did. But when he slept, he’d always awoken completely alert and ready to deal with anything at a moment’s notice. Military training did that to a guy, or so he said. His behavior concerned me. â€Å"Is Elise there?† â€Å"No,† he said shortly. â€Å"Why not?† Elise watched over Edward like a mother hen. Drove him nuts, but she wouldn’t stop. â€Å"Because I am in my room and she is†¦ I don’t know where. Now what do you want at†¦ four a.m.?† Quickly I filled him in on what he didn’t know. â€Å"Can you contact someone in the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program?† â€Å"Certainly, You will have your data by midday.† Edward the efficient. â€Å"There’s one more thing.† I glanced at Jessie. She made a whirling motion with her hand. Get on with it. â€Å"Have you ever had an agent named Damien Fitzgerald?† Edward thought for an instant. â€Å"No. The name is not familiar. Why?† I filled him in on a little bit more. â€Å"He could have changed his name,† Edward murmured. â€Å"I will send you photos of the rogue agents I am aware of.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"So why did Elise need you back there pronto?† I asked. Silence settled over the line. I wondered if he’d hung up. â€Å"Edward?† â€Å"I am here.† â€Å"Well? What’s up?† Elise had been working on a cure for lycanthropy. So far she’d come up with zilch. The only reason I could think of for Edward to rush to 7-5 headquarters in remote Montana was that she’d had a breakthrough. The idea made me nervous. If Elise found a way to cure them, what would I do with the rest of my life? â€Å"Nothing is up,† he said. â€Å"Elise thought she might have discovered something.† â€Å"Did she?† â€Å"That remains to be seen.† He sighed. â€Å"But I do not think so.† I let out the breath I hadn’t even known I was holding. â€Å"Will you be back soon?† â€Å"No. You and Jessie can handle things in Crow Valley.† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"I am tired, Leigh. I need a rest.† My heart started thudding faster and harder with dread. â€Å"You’re sick.† â€Å"Perhaps. Sick and tired of the blood, the death, the killing. And for what? There are always more.† I’d never heard him so down. Usually Edward was the one buoying everyone else’s spirits. I glanced at Jessie, frowned. He’d never been like this before he’d met her. â€Å"I’ll make sure there aren’t any more here,† I promised, and hung up. â€Å"What exactly happened in Miniwa?† I demanded. â€Å"You know.† â€Å"Wolf god, totem. Been there, heard that. I meant to Edward.† Her gaze slid away from mine. â€Å"What?† She shrugged. â€Å"He made a few mistakes. Nothing major. Everything worked out for the best.† Mistakes? That didn’t sound like Edward. â€Å"What kind of mistakes?† â€Å"He got distracted. We got captured.† She shrugged. â€Å"It happens.† â€Å"Not to him.† â€Å"Never?† Not that I knew of. I’d considered telling Edward I thought Hector might be here. Until he’d answered the phone speaking German. Until he’d gone all Eeyore on me. â€Å"He’s acting so weird,† I murmured. â€Å"He didn’t want to come back.† â€Å"Can you blame him? The guy’s been hunting werewolves, and Lord knows what else, for sixty years. I’d be ready for a break.† I suspected she was right, but I didn’t like it. I decided to keep my suspicions about Hector between myself and Jessie until I was sure I wasn’t seeing things again. Why upset Edward if I didn’t have to? â€Å"What about the information from Quantico?† Jessie asked. â€Å"By noon.† â€Å"And Fitzgerald?† â€Å"He doesn’t recognize the name, but he’s sending rogue agent pictures.† â€Å"Good. There’s not much else we can do until then. I’d better make my rounds. Not that I’ll see anything, but I try to at least pretend to earn my second paycheck.† â€Å"This place is awful quiet after the sun goes down.† â€Å"Creepy, isn’t it?† â€Å"Yeah.† Crow Valley after sunset was as quiet as the proverbial tomb. No lights in any of the windows. Not even a cat trolling the streets. The entire town had a deserted air. As if too many of the citizens had disappeared. We just didn’t know how many. Where there were werewolves, people went missing. Which was usually how the Juger-Suchers ended up being called to the scene. Then we made sure the missing were explained. Our favorite excuse was that they’d walked into the woods and never come back out. It happens more than you’d think. How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 15, Essay examples

Deviance Essay Example For Students

Deviance Essay Deviance is an individuals or groups behavior, ideas, or attributes that some people in society find offensive, wrong, immoral, sinful, evil, strange, or disgusting. This definition consists of three parts. Expectation: Some behavioral expectation must exist. Violation: There must be a real or implied violation of the expectationReaction: An individual, group, or society must react to the devianceThe strain theory by Robert Merton believes that American society pushes individuals toward deviance by overemphasizing the importance of monetary success, while failing to emphasize the legitimate means to achieve that success. Cultural Transmission Theory by Edwin Sutherland states that deviants learn patterns of behavior form the people with whom they associate on a regular basis. Not only do they teach us the techniques for committing deviant acts, but also a set of beliefs and attitudes that justify or rationalize the behaviorThe Anomie Theory was coined by Emile Durkheim and it refers to the condition of normlessness, in which values and norms have little impact and the culture no longer provides adequate guidlines for behavior. Deviance is also thought of as an individual choice because it appears that the consequences of doing it are more desirable than the consequences of doing something else. The choice is as simple as weighing the pros and cons. Biological theories are a bit weak due to all the exceptions to the rule. William Sheldon proposed that deviance is in the body type. Other theorists say its in the extra Y chromosonePsychologists have attributed antisocial behavior to the conscious mind being too weak to overcome the strength of the id. Labeling theorists attempt to explain how cultural and individual perceptions create and sustain deviant idetities. A deviant is not different from you or I, they are just labeled deviant successfully. Has led sociologists to distinguish between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is the original behavior that leads to the application of the label to an individual. Secondary deviance is the behavior that people develop as a result of having been labeledFunctions of DevianceDeviance actually helps teach societys rules providing illustrations of violation. It is functional in that it 1) causes the groups members to close ranks 2) promotes group solidarity 3) help clarify what society really believes in 4)teaches normal behavior by showing us what is abnormal. Durkheim stated that deviance is an intergral part of all healthy societies.There seems to be a disjunction between means and ends, such as the emphasis on wealth and success without many legitimate means to achieve them. Those individuals without such opportunities attempt to bridge this gap in a number of ways:The conformist seeks to continue the acceptance of the goals and means offered for their attainment. The innovator may continue to accept the goals while seeking new, and in many cases, illegitimate revenues for the attainment of these goals. The ritualist may make the means into an end by rejecting the culturally prescribed goals as being out of his reach. The retreat rejects both the means and ends offered by society by dropping into drug use, menatl illness, alcoholism, homelessness. The rebellious reject both the means and ends while seeking to replace both with alternatives, thereby changing the way society as a whole is structured.

Amalgam Definition and Uses

Amalgam Definition and Uses An amalgam is a type of alloy found in dentistry, mining, mirrors and other applications. Here is a look at an amalgams composition, uses, and the risks associated with use. Key Takeaways: Amalgam Simply put, an amalgam is an alloy of the element mercury.While mercury is a liquid element, amalgams tend to harden.Amalgams are use to make dental fillings, to bind to precious metals so they can be isolated later, and to produce mirror coatings.As with elements in other alloys, a small amount of mercury may be released by contact with an amalgam. Because mercury is toxic, amalgams may present health or environmental risks. Amalgam Definition An amalgam the name given to any alloy of mercury. Mercury forms alloys with almost all other metals, except iron, tungsten, tantalum, and platinum. Amalgams may occur naturally (e.g., arquerite, a natural amalgam of mercury and silver) or may be synthesized. Key uses of amalgams are in dentistry, gold extraction, and chemistry. Amalgamation (the formation of an amalgam) is usually an exothermic process that results in hexagonal or other structural forms. Amalgam Types and Uses Because the word amalgam already indicates the presence of mercury, amalgams are generally named according to the other metals in the alloy. Examples of important amalgams include: Dental Amalgam Dental amalgam is the name given to any amalgam used in dentistry. Amalgam is used as a restorative material (i.e., for fillings) because its fairly easy to shape once mixed, but hardens into a tough substance. Its also inexpensive. Most dental amalgam consists of mercury with silver. Other metals that may be used with or in place of silver include indium, copper, tin, and zinc. Traditionally, amalgam was stronger and longer-lasting than composite resins, but modern resins are more durable than they used to be and strong enough for use on teeth subject to wear, such as molars. There are disadvantages to using dental amalgam. Some people are allergic to the mercury or other elements in amalgam. According to Colgate, the American Dental Association (ADA) reports fewer than 100 cases of amalgam allergy have been reported, so its very rare. A more significant risk is posed by the release of small amounts of mercury vapor as the amalgam wears over time. This is primarily a concern for persons already exposed to mercury in daily life. Its recommended pregnant women avoid getting amalgam fillings. The ADA does not recommend getting existing amalgam fillings removed (unless they are worn or the tooth is damaged) because the removal process can damage existing healthy tissue and may result in the unnecessary release of mercury. When an amalgam filling is removed, a dentist uses suction to minimize mercury exposure and takes steps to prevent mercury from entering the plumbing. Silver and Gold Amalgam Mercury is used to recover silver and gold from their ores because the precious metals readily amalgamate (form an amalgam). There are different methods of using mercury with gold or silver, depending on the situation. In general, the ore is exposed to mercury and the heavy amalgam is recovered and processed to separate the mercury from the other metal. The patio process was developed in 1557 in Mexico to process silver ores, although silver amalgam is also used in the Washoe process and in panning for the metal. To extract gold, a slurry of crushed ore can be mixed with mercury or run across mercury-coated copper plates. A process called retorting separates the metals. Amalgam is heated in a distillation retort. The high vapor pressure of mercury allows for easy separation and recovery for re-use. Amalgam extraction has largely been replaced by other methods because of environmental concerns. Amalgam slugs may be found downstream of old mining operations to the present day. Retorting also released mercury in the form of vapor. Other Amalgams In the mid-19th century, tin amalgam was used as a reflective mirror coating for surfaces. Zinc amalgam is used in the Clemmensen Reduction for organic synthesis and the Jones reductor for analytical chemistry. Sodium amalgam is used as a reducing agent in chemistry. Aluminum amalgam is used to reduce imines to amines. Thallium amalgam is used in low temperature thermometers because it has a lower freezing point than pure mercury. Although normally considered a combination of metals, other substances may be considered amalgams. For example, ammonium amalgam (H3N-Hg-H), discovered by Humphry Davy and Jons Jakob Berzelius, is a substance that decomposes when it comes into contact with water or alcohol or in air at room temperature. The decomposition reaction forms ammonia, hydrogen gas, and mercury. Detecting Amalgam Because mercury salts dissolve in water to form toxic ions and compounds, its important to be able to detect the element in the environment. An amalgam probe is a piece of copper foil to which a nitric acid salt solution has been applied. If the probe is dipped in water that contains mercury ions, a copper amalgam forms on the foil and discolors it. Silver also reacts with copper to form spots, but they are easily rinsed away, while amalgam remains.

A Summary of Chansons de Geste

A Summary of Chansons de Geste The chansons de geste (songs of deeds) were Old French epic poems centering around heroic historical figures. Dealing primarily with events of the 8th and 9th centuries, chansons de geste focused on real individuals, but with a large infusion of legend. Those chansons that survive in manuscript form, of which there are more than 80, date to the 12th through 15th centuries. Whether they were composed then or survived in oral tradition from the 8th and 9th centuries is under dispute. The authors of only a few of the poems are known; the vast majority were written by anonymous poets. Poetic Form of the Chansons de Geste A chanson de geste was composed in lines of 10 or 12 syllables, grouped into irregular rhyming stanzas called laisses. Earlier poems had more assonance than rhyme. The length of the poems ranged from about 1,500 to 18,000 lines. Chanson de Geste Style The earliest poems are highly heroic in both theme and spirit, focusing on feuds or epic battles and on the legal and moral aspects of loyalty and allegiance. Elements of courtly love appeared after the 13th century, and ​enfances (childhood adventures) and the exploits of ancestors and descendants of the main characters were related, as well. The Charlemagne Cycle A large proportion of the chansons de geste revolves around Charlemagne. The emperor is depicted as the champion of Christendom against pagans and Muslims, and he is accompanied by his court of Twelve Noble Peers. These include Oliver, Ogier the Dane, and Roland. The most well-known chanson de geste, and possibly the most important, is the Chanson de Roland, or Song of Roland. Charlemagne legends are known as the matter of France. Other Chanson Cycles In addition to the Charlemagne Cycle, there is a group of 24 poems centering on Guillaume dOrange, a supporter of Charlemagnes son Louis, and another cycle about the wars of powerful French barons. Influence of Chansons de Geste The chansons influenced medieval literary production throughout Europe. Spanish epic poetry owed a clear debt to the chansons de geste, as is most notably demonstrated by the 12th-century epic Cantar de mio Cid (Song of my Cid). The incomplete epic Willehalm by the 13th-century German poet Wolfram von Eschenbach was based on the stories told in the chansons of Guillaume dOrange. In Italy, tales about Roland and Oliver (Orlando and Rinaldo) abounded, culminating in the Renaissance epics Orlando innamorato by Matteo Boiardo and Orlando furioso by Ludovico Ariosto. The matter of France was an essential element of French literature for centuries, influencing both prose and poetry well beyond the Middle Ages.

Opening business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Opening business - Essay Example For example, Microsoft claims its MSN Hotmail (free of cost email service) as a global product. A global product or service can indeed be marketed as it is claimed by every major producer of global products. For example, Google markets its search engine in various countries with respect to the local social and cultural issues. Another example of car manufacturing and producing giant Toyota, who market their global products (such as Toyota Corolla) which are meant to be for the use in various regions of the world by different types of end-users with different specifications and different levels of customizations. However, this also is a very controversial claim. A true global product is the one which is produced with a same version for multiple regions of the world. For example, Michael Jackson's earth song is a global product, since it is meant to be for individuals belonging to different regions, ethnicities, social and cultural backgrounds. It is not like that a different earth song is made for people in India and there is a different version of earth song for people in Euro pe. Customer Relations Management (CRM) is the implementation of process of moving towards long-term, cost-effective, mutually beneficial trust with selected customers while maintaining interactive relationship2.

Explain the relationship between money supply and inflation Essay

Explain the relationship between money supply and inflation - Essay Example money supply and the level of inflation within a specific period of time. Link between money supply and inflation Trying to relate money supply to inflation is not as direct as it sounds as numerous factors also play significant roles in predicting or measuring inflation (Mankiw 2008). However, the link between money supply and inflation is easily explained as a near natural occurrence since when money is in high supply within an economy the demand for it reduces. In this scenario the market is able to afford higher prices for commodities because money supply has increased. At the same time the consumers are not able to revert back to the old prices as long as the buying power of their currency is still under value erosion. Economic theories Economic theories also affect how this relationship is explained. The monetarism theory for example, expresses the relationship in the form of MV = PT which translates to; M = Money Supply V = Money Velocity P = Price Level T = Transactions In th is scenario transactions are constant just as velocity is while supply and prices are directly related (Browne and Cronin 2010). The fundamental argument set forth by monetarism theory is that rising money supply leads to inflation in the situation that the rise in the former exceeds growth of the National Income. It is still under this that T = Transactions is replaced with Y = National Income in many occasions as near-accurate measurements of the former always prove to be difficult. The new equation derived therefore reads; MV = PY. According to Bernanke and Woodford (2006), one notable proponent of monetarism, Friedman stated that ‘†¦ inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon’. Further arguments state that inflation is generally as a result of uncalled-for swells in a nation’s money supply. In respect to velocity, monetarists claim that it is fixed and if it varies the variants are insignificant. The same case applies to the output which is represented by Y and both V and Y are fixed in the short term. An example lies below; When MS = $2,500 and V = 4 ----- Y = 10,000 units Eqn. 2,500*4 = 10,000 With doubling of MS comes doubling of price level as elaborated below; 5,000*4 = 20,000 In the above scenarios Friedman stated that increase in MS takes between 9 to 12 months to result to increased output (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel and MacPherson 2008). He further stated that it is after another year that output will be at equilibrium with increase in prices to put up with already high money supply. AD & AS model (Hornle 2008) When considering aggregate demand and supply model it is clear to see that when there is increase in money supply there will be increased spending. This will essentially result to a shift of the Aggregate Demand to the right (Hornle 2008). In this scenario producers then engage more of their resources in order to meet the rising demand. The resultant effect is an increased national output that is beyond t he equilibrium level causing an inflationary gap in the economy. With increased production producers enrol more employees therefore increasing their expenditure. In this scenario workers are willing to work for longer periods as there is a corresponding rise in their nominal wage. With continued increase in prices money loses value and a movement is witnessed along the newly formed Aggregate Demand (Woodford 2008). It is at this

Continuning Academic Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Continuning Academic Success - Essay Example According to Karabenick & Newman (2006) goal setting for students is one of the ways that students can use to evaluate and assess their progress. Achieving and attaining set goals enables the student see the difference in progress. Whenever students analyze their own school assessments, class participation, and so on, they often become more interested in the analysis because it is relevant to them. While reflecting on the data, students have an opportunity to set goals for themselves. Once a student has set goals and objectives in their school work, they naturally become accountable to their actions to make sure that whatever they do is in line with their goals. This helps a student develop a sense of accountability not just in their school work but generally in life. Goals and objectives of a student are primarily based on their academic endeavors and therefore setting of the goals is one of the ways that as student will be able to improve their performance. The advantage of setting goals in academics is that a student is able to set a higher standard for their performance. This consequently helps them improve their performance in different fields of academics. According to Boekaerts (2010) student performance is primarily based on self evaluation and setting of goals that are aimed at improving the grades. With goals and objectives that are practical and achievable, a student is able to enhance confidence in them as well as pride in achieving better grades and succeeding in academics. This is particularly effective when a student achieves one of the goals. The acquire confidence to achieve more and work harder towards higher goals. In addition, the student is able to develop pride in their performance. This is because they have worked hard for that particular performance. Goals and objectives are very essentials for students as it helps them set a clear path for their future career. Most of the times, majority of the students find

Total Quality Management in Healthcare Environment

Total Quality Management in Healthcare Environment EVALUATING HEALTH IMPROVEMENT (UNIT FIVE) BY AKINADE TOYESE In this paper we will discuss how to cultivate total quality management and develop a culture of on-going improvement with focus on a public health organization. We will also identify ways to incentivize employee performance and evaluate incentives in terms of motivational effectiveness. BRIEF SUMMARY OF A PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA AND THE POPULATION IT SERVES The University College Hospital Ibadan is a public health organization which was established in November 1952 by parliament act to respond to the training need of medical personnel and other health care professionals in Nigeria and other West African Sub-Region (UCH, 2015). Her vision is to be the â€Å"flagship† tertiary healthcare institution in the West Africa sub-region, which offers world-class research, training and services, and first choice for seeking specialist health care (UCH, 2015). Although the hospital is primarily a tertiary institution, it has appendages of community-based outreach activities in six cities where it provides primary and secondary healthcare services. It has fifty-six service and clinical departments and runs ninety-six consultative out- patient clinics a week in fifty specialty and sub-specialty disciplines. There are also special treatment clinic for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and the people living with HIV/AIDS (UCH, 2015). However, because of the breakdown and poor state of primary health care facilities in the region (UCH, 2015) â€Å"the hospital still caters for lots of primary and secondary healthcare burden. The number of patients in the accident and emergency of the hospital averages six hundred thousand annually, and about one hundred and fifty thousand new patients attend the various out-patient clinics annually. The institution enjoys a full patronage of both national and international clientele due to its manpower, facilities, and track records†. STEPS TO TAKE TO CULTIVATE TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOP A CULTURE OF ONGOING IMPROVEMENT. Health Care Systems throughout the world are undergoing significant changes. These changes are due to acknowledgment of either medical errors or system errors (Ruiz and Simon 2004). Other factors responsible for these changes include: Legal obligation for quality management (Moeller et al. 2000), the sophistication of medical care and increasing costs of health care (Ramanathan, 2005). Total quality management seeks to create a culture whereby all employees are continually examining and improving the organization of their work with a view to satisfying customer requirements (Goodwin et al., 2006). This is especially critical for health institution in that better health is the â€Å"raison d’à ªtre† of a health system, and unquestionably its primary or defining goal (WHO, 2000). Joiner and Scholtes (1985) discussed total quality management under three key components: the client as the defining factor in determining quality, the teamwork as a means to unifying goals and a scientific approach to decision-making based on data collection and analysis. Furthermore, quality chain idea can be used to cultivate total quality management. According to Morgan (1994) quality chain is described as chain of suppliers and customers. Goodwin et al. (2006) examined the health of the quality chain in four discrete stages: Inspection: Usually an after-the-fact screening process to assess the quality and conformity of services or products produced. Quality control: Monitoring the process of service delivery at each stage in the chain in order to eliminate the causes of unsatisfactory performance. Quality Assurance: Assessment of the systems quality and the steps taken to improve quality. Total quality management: The application of quality management principles at every level of the organization. This medium will necessitate a change in behavior amongst staff to commit to the quality management agenda. Finally, it is recognized that several elements need to be in place to help such organizations move in the direction of improving the quality of care on a systematic basis. These include the availability of training for the staffs, the development of teamwork among the staff, the development of a structure to support quality improvement, and a set of standard measurable targets through which to assess change (Goodwin et al., 2006). WAYS TO INCENTIVIZE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INCENTIVES Incentives for the employee are to motivate the employee to perform better and have long lasting effect on their performance. If â€Å"you get what you pay for,† then it presumably follows that one should pay for what one ultimately wants (Cutler 2005). If a health program’s primary objective is good patient or population health outcomes, it would seem natural for performance incentives to reward good health or health improvement directly rather than the use of health services or other health inputs. Rewarding health outcomes rather than health input use not only creates strong incentives for providers to exert effort, but it can also create incentives for providers to innovate in developing new, context-appropriate delivery strategies (Grant and Kimberly, 2013: 4). Incentive can be monetary or non-monetary (Asaad Assaf, 2011). The monetary incentive can be performance-related pay such as the increment in salary, bonuses, and other financial benefits such as housing allowance or health care compensation. Non-monetary incentives include: words of appreciation, thank you letter, nomination of department employee of the month, sending an employee to a conference, flexible work hour (Asaad Assaf, 2011). Meanwhile, the extent to which staffs can participate in decision-making and how much support they receive from their managers also motivate the employee to perform better (Goodwin et al., 2006). Nevertheless, there is a need for a public health organization to adopt a method for motivating and rewarding its staffs. Performance-related pay is one approach to using pay to provide an incentive to individuals to work more effectively to meet organizational goals, both in terms of quality and efficiency (Goodwin et al., 2006). Performance-related pay can be seen as one approach to using pay to provide an incentive to individuals to work more effectively to meet organizational goals, both in terms of quality and efficiency (Goodwin et al., 2006). It won’t be encouraging if two persons receive the same pay when one is performing much better than the other. When there is a performance-related pay incentive for a hardworking staff or a job well-done, it will motivate the staff to do more for the improvement of the organization and also encourage the other staff to be effective and hard working in other to meet the organization goals. In conclusion, Goodwin et al. (2006) had explained that â€Å"the experience with PRP is mixed and its transfer to the health sector has been associated with a range of problems: Tension is often created in providing performance-related incentives to individuals, since this can preclude their ability to work towards wider organizational objectives. In health care, team contribution prevails over the contribution of individual members of staff. The power of professional organizations enables them to resist management initiatives. The agency relationship between health care professionals and patients can exclude and disadvantage employers. Employers try to retain insiders rather than recruit outsiders, even if they have to pay more. However, if PPR is applied to the right organization or system-wide needs, it may enable individuals to work more for the benefit of the organization. References: Armstrong, M. H. Murlis, (1994) Reward Management: A Handbook of Remuneration Strategy and Practice, London: Kogan Page Asaad, A., F.A. Assaf, (2011) ‘Incentive for Better performance in Health Care’, Sultan Qaboos, University Medical Journal, 11 (2) pp: 201-206, Available at: http://:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121024/, (accessed: 04/04/2015) Cutler, D., (2005) Your Money or Your Life: Strong Medicine for America’s Health Care System,  USA: Oxford University Press. Goodwin, N., G. Reinhold, V. Iles, (2006) Managing Health Services, Understanding Public Health Series, Maidenhead: Open University Press pp. 143-152 Grant M., S. B. Kimberly, (2013) Pay-for-performance incentive in low and middle income country health programs, national bureau of economic research, NBER Working Paper Series, Cambridge, p. 4 Johnson, O. A., (2011) ‘Total Quality Management (TQM) Factors: An Empirical Study of Kwara State Government Hospitals’, Ethno Med, 5(1) pp. 17-23 Joiner, B., P. Scholtes, (1985) Total Quality Leadership vs. Management by Control, Joiner and Associates Moeller, B., J. O’Reilly, J. Elser, (2000) ‘Quality management in German health care the EFQM excellence model’, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 13 pp. 254-258. Morgan, P., (1994) Total quality management, in E. Monica (ed.) Management in Health Care, A Theoretical and Experiential Approach, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Ramanathan R., (2005) Operational assessment in hospitals in Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Operations Production Management, l25 pp. 39-54. Ruiz U., J. Simon, (2004) ‘Quality management in healthcare: A 20-year journey’, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 17 pp. 23-33. UCH, (2015) ‘UCH vision and mission’, Available at: http://uch-ibadan.org.ng/content/vission-and-mission, (Accessed 06/04/2015) â€Å"University College Hospital, Ibadan†, (2015) Wikipedia, Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Hospital,_Ibadan, (Accessed 06/04/2015)

A report about Internet/intranet and server requirements :: Computer Science

A report about Internet/intranet and server requirements The internet server An Internet server delivers WebPages to computers via a telephone or broadband connection called a dial up connection. This can be done to computers anywhere in the world as long as they are connected to the internet. An internet server has something called DNS enabling. This allows a website to be found from that websites own server e.g. when someone types www.microsoft.com, the website is associated to Microsoft server so the website is delivered to your computer screen. The Intranet Server The intranet server is similar to the internet server as it delivers WebPages to computers however it is for LAN (local area networks). This means the pages are private and run through localised cabling. The WebPages are not available to computers outside the LAN and dial up connections are not enabled. Organisation the internet and intranet Internets are organised by numerous internet servers connected through a permanent broadband connection. For protection the servers are protected from other computers putting viruses and harmful materials by firewalls. Intranets are local so other computers outside the Local area network (LAN) cannot connect to the network. Ways of connected to the internet 1. Dial up modem-mainly used at home, works by dialing a telephone number of an internet server and connects via that. Standard connection is 56kb. This means it sends 56,000 bits per second. 2. LAN-Delivers the internet to a network of computers via a proxy server. The proxy server connects to the internet and delivers the internet to all the connected computers in a local area network. 3. ISDN (integrated services digital network)-a telephone connection that is designed to deliver digital information for computers but also can deliver audio signals for telephone conversations. It is generally faster than standard modem connections, usually 64kb or 128kb per second. 4. Broadband-Digital telephone connection that is constantly connected, delivering data much quicker than other connections at speeds 10, 20 or even 50 times quicker than your standard 56kb connection. Instead of using a modem it uses a router allowing a permanent connection. Web Server Requirements Web servers can be as fast or powerful as the user requires. This is dependent on what system they are running. A standard internet server will be 500MHZ, have 256MB of RAM and have around 8GB hard drive space. Of course all of these can be expanded dependent on the users needs. Also it depends on how many users are on the network. The more users, the faster the server will be required to allow a good internet